Among the many tools that help trumpet players achieve a unique and dynamic sound, the plunger mute holds a special place. 

Originally a makeshift solution using an everyday bathroom plunger, this unassuming accessory has become a staple in the brass player's toolkit. 

In this blog post, we'll explore the fascinating history of the plunger mute, its role in shaping the sound of jazz, and how contemporary musicians continue to use it to add character and flair to their performances. 

Whether you're a seasoned musician or a curious reader, join us as we dive into the world of the plunger mute and discover its enduring appeal!

Where did the plunger mute originate?

The plunger mute is the most prominent survivor of a bygone era in Jazz when musicians experimented with the muting effects possible through the blocking of sound using the hand, beer glasses, hats, and plungers.

While trombone players typically use toilet plungers for their mutes, trumpet players derive theirs from sink plungers simply because they are smaller and fit the shape of the bell quite well.

The use of the mute can be traced back to cornet player/bandleader King Oliver, who was the first to popularize the use of the mute. The plunger can be heard on the solo here:

Following King Oliver’s implementation, the plunger mute didn’t become a huge staple until Duke Ellington’s trumpet player James “Bubber” Miley incorporated it in his playing, as well as Cootie Williams later on. Ellington would eventually grow fond enough of the mute that he would write compositions and arrangements specifically featuring it for his big band.

Here is a chart that Ellington wrote to feature Cootie with the plunger mute:

Here’s another well-known Ellington chart featuring the trumpet plunger, called The Mooch:

Timbral effects of the trumpet plunger mute

While the plunger mute may be one of the more unusual mutes for the trumpet, it has possibly the most versatility in its use on the trumpet.

Since this mute is actively held in the left hand while the trumpet player is holding the instrument exclusively with the right hand, the player adjusts the positioning of it in real-time.

This gives the trumpet player the ability to shape sounds, creating the iconic wah-wah sound the plunger mute is so famous for.

It’s not just the wah-wah sound however, players can experiment with the speed of the flaring to create explosive sounds, and they can shake it minutely to create a little wobble effect, plus so much more.

It really does offer an entirely new dimension of expression to the instrument, mimicking the qualities of singing to some extent.

Making adjustments to the plunger position while performing techniques like half-valving, pitch bend, growl, etc. can really build up an arsenal of expressive qualities.

Final notes on the trumpet plunger mute

Before we wrap up this overview of the plunger mute on the trumpet, a few considerations:

When reading trumpet parts, look for indications of plunger mute with “+” and “0” over notes. These indicate to play with the mute covering the bell mostly (+) or to remove the mute (0).

And lastly, keep in mind that fully closing the bell of the plunger will change the pitch of the instrument by a half step, so unless that’s your intention, be sure to leave a little bit of space for airflow.

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Happy practicing!